{"id":11385545,"date":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-04-14T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/uncategorized-cs_cz\/kardiovaskularni-zdatnost-strava-a-fyzicka-cviceni-potapecu-ale-i-nutnost-brat-v-uvahu-leky-ktere-uzivame\/"},"modified":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-04-14T22:00:00","slug":"kardiovaskularni-zdatnost-strava-a-fyzicka-cviceni-potapecu-ale-i-nutnost-brat-v-uvahu-leky-ktere-uzivame","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/kardiovaskularni-zdatnost-strava-a-fyzicka-cviceni-potapecu-ale-i-nutnost-brat-v-uvahu-leky-ktere-uzivame\/","title":{"rendered":"Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdatnost, strava a fyzick\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f, ale i nutnost br\u00e1t v \u00favahu l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me."},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1te odvahu, tedy srdce?<\/strong>
M\u00e1me-li na mysli pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u011b ano, konec konc\u016f je to i jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se pot\u00e1p\u00edme. Obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno je na\u0161e srdce (odvaha) sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tak milujeme. Ale srdce zde hraje velkou roli i doslova. Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav je toti\u017e pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Jak jsme tedy na tom zdravotn\u011b, co se t\u00fd\u010de srdce?<\/p>\n

Pohled do statistiky<\/strong>
Kdy\u017e proch\u00e1zeli odborn\u00edci DAN datab\u00e1zi zaznamenan\u00fdch zran\u011bn\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm, z\u00edskali informace nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povahy. Podle statistick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f za posledn\u00edch 15 let (t.j. za dobu, kdy DAN statistiku vede) v\u0161ak nad v\u0161\u00ed pochybnost pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm skute\u010dnost, \u017ee vysok\u00fd tlak a r\u016fzn\u00e1 srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji veden\u00fdmi chronick\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bly k \u00famrt\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm.
Podle posledn\u00edch v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v DAN o dekompresn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, smrteln\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch projektech souviselo v\u00edce ne\u017e 14 procent \u00famrt\u00ed s chronick\u00fdm vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem a \/ nebo s n\u011bjak\u00fdm jin\u00fdm srde\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.
 <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm ve statistice jako pr\u016fvodn\u00ed jev je dokonce u 55 procent \u00famrt\u00ed obezita (\u010dasto spojen\u00e1 se srde\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem), kter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b zhor\u0161uje celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav a sni\u017euje hranici sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed. V kombinaci s dal\u0161\u00edmi faktory m\u016f\u017ee \u0161patn\u00fd kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav zvy\u0161ovat riziko v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nebo smrteln\u00e9 nehody.<\/p>\n

Jak takov\u00e9 riziko sn\u00ed\u017eit?<\/strong>
V\u00e1\u0161 kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav mohou zhor\u0161ovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed faktory: vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak, koron\u00e1rn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, vrozen\u00e1 srde\u010dn\u00ed vada, kou\u0159en\u00ed a rodinn\u00e1 anamn\u00e9za n\u011bjak\u00e9ho srde\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jak tedy lze kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav zlep\u0161it? A jak\u00e9 l\u00e9ky na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mohou pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de ovlivnit, aby sv\u016fj obl\u00edben\u00fd sport provozoval bezpe\u010dn\u011b?
Neku\u0159te. Kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret m\u00e1 velmi negativn\u00ed dopad na funkci srdce i plic a nikotin zu\u017euje krevn\u00ed cesty, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek hypertenzi. <\/p>\n

Pravideln\u011b cvi\u010dte. I m\u00edrn\u00e1 t\u011blesn\u00e1 aktivita zvy\u0161uje fyzickou zdatnost a odolnost na fyzick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. To samoz\u0159ejn\u011b zvy\u0161uje energii a vytrvalost pot\u0159ebnou p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.  Jezte rozumn\u011b. Strava s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f a cholesterolu sni\u017euje riziko obezity a srde\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. I kdy\u017e rodinnou anamn\u00e9zu zm\u011bnit nem\u016f\u017eete, promy\u0161len\u00e1 skladba stravy (i jej\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed) a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vky fyzick\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko nehod a zran\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d pou\u010den\u00fd o mo\u017en\u00e9m nebezpe\u010d\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout pro \u0159adu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kladn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed jeho bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

BERETE N\u011aJAK\u00c9 L\u00c9KY?<\/strong>
S rostouc\u00edm v\u011bkem a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm stavem jsou Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Evropan\u00e9 na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku a tlumen\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rody z pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00ed se jim v tomto sm\u011bru bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.  Chronick\u00fd vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak souvis\u00ed s po\u0161kozen\u00edm srdce, ledvin a se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm mozkov\u00e9 mrtvice. U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f proti hypertenzi v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee riziko v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit. K nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvod\u016fm, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 kontaktuj\u00ed zdravotnickou poradenskou linku DAN, pat\u0159\u00ed ot\u00e1zky na bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159i  pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee n\u011bkdo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e9 l\u00e9ky. Nyn\u00ed se zde zm\u00edn\u00edme o n\u011bkter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch l\u00e9c\u00edch a jejich mo\u017en\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch dopadech na pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de:<\/p>\n

Beta-blok\u00e1tory <\/strong>
Beta-blok\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010dbu vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku, maj\u00ed jednu velkou nev\u00fdhodu: mohou sni\u017eovat srde\u010dn\u00ed kapacitu pro fyzick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a proto nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161enlivost t\u011blesn\u00e9 n\u00e1mahy.
Nav\u00edc, jestli\u017ee tyto l\u00e9ky omezuj\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed funkci b\u011bhem fyzick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, existuje zde zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty v\u011bdom\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pod vodou fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. Kv\u016fli tomuto nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9mu dopadu doporu\u010duj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm tzv. z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fd test. Podle doktora Alfreda Bov\u00e9 (Bov\u00e9 a Davis: Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e1 medic\u00edna, 4. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed povoleno t\u011bm jedinc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed sice beta-blok\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, ale z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fd test snesou bez velk\u00e9 \u00fanavy. Bov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee i kdy\u017e pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed zpravidla srdce nezat\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b na maximum, p\u0159esto by se m\u011bli u\u017eivatel\u00e9 beta-blok\u00e1tor\u016f vyh\u00fdbat extr\u00e9mn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1maze, proto\u017ee je jejich t\u011blesn\u00e1 zdatnost sn\u00ed\u017eena.<\/p>\n

Inhibitory typu ACE <\/strong>
Inhibitory ACE (angiotenzin konvertuj\u00edc\u00edho enzymu) ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed fyzickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e beta-blok\u00e1tory, proto je l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u011b nam\u00e1haj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji. I kdy\u017e v\u0161ak inhibitory ACE mohou m\u00edt na pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de zd\u00e1nliv\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad, mohou zp\u016fsobovat ka\u0161el a\/nebo zap\u0159i\u010dinit otok d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Ob\u011b tyto mo\u017enosti pak mohou zp\u016fsobit velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pod vodou. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lehk\u00fd ka\u0161el v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed dob\u0159e, ale jestli\u017ee ka\u0161el kv\u016fli tomuto l\u00e9ku p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1, mnoho l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f rad\u011bji l\u00e9ky zm\u011bn\u00ed. A inhibitory ACE by se nem\u011bly u\u017e\u00edvat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho ledvinov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Blok\u00e1tory kalciov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>
Blok\u00e1tory kalciov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f zpravidla pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm probl\u00e9my ne\u010din\u00ed: uvol\u0148uj\u00ed st\u011bny krevn\u00edch cest, sni\u017euj\u00ed odpor toku krve a t\u00edm sni\u017euj\u00ed krevn\u00ed tlak. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i m\u00edrn\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, m\u016f\u017ee rychl\u00e1 zm\u011bna polohy (zle\u017ee nebo sed\u011b do stoje) zap\u0159i\u010dinit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fd tlak krve a n\u00e1slednou kr\u00e1tkodobou z\u00e1vra\u0165. Tyto poklesy tlaku p\u0159i n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b polohy t\u011bla mohou sice u n\u011bkter\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f budit ur\u010dit\u00e9 obavy, ale jinak se nezd\u00e1, \u017ee by v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e9 blok\u00e1tory m\u011bly na pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de n\u011bjak v\u00fdznamn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad.<\/p>\n

Diuretika<\/strong>
Diuretika sni\u017euj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody a soli v t\u011ble, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje krevn\u00ed tlak. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di nem\u00edvaj\u00ed s diuretiky zpravidla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, i kdy\u017e ve velmi tepl\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed mohou zp\u016fsobovat nadm\u011brnou ztr\u00e1tu vody a tud\u00ed\u017e dehydrataci. Proto\u017ee dehydratace zvy\u0161uje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nemoci z dekomprese, doporu\u010duje se pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm diuretika, aby si sn\u00ed\u017eili sv\u00e9 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vky ve dnech, kdy se budou pot\u00e1p\u011bt. Ne\u017e si v\u0161ak denn\u00ed d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, m\u011bli by se poradit s l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n

Antiarytmika<\/strong>
Antiarytmika maj\u00ed za \u00fakol pom\u00e1hat udr\u017eovat st\u00e1l\u00fd a rovnom\u011brn\u00fd srde\u010dn\u00ed rytmus. Dr. Bov\u00e9 upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 antiarytmika v kombinaci se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed a ztr\u00e1tou drasl\u00edku by mohla zvy\u0161ovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed srdce. I kdy\u017e tyto l\u00e9ky zpravidla pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nebr\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, tedy arytmie, neboli abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed rytmus, mohou b\u00fdt pro pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou kontraindikac\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jedinec, kter\u00fd trp\u00ed abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edm srde\u010dn\u00edm rytmem a pot\u0159ebuje proto br\u00e1t l\u00e9ky, by se m\u011bl poradit s kardiologem a l\u00e9ka\u0159em odborn\u00edkem na pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dskou medicinu.<\/p>\n

Antikoagulanty<\/strong>
Ka\u017ed\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd antikoagulant, nap\u0159. Coumadin ® nebo Warfarin®, by m\u011bl b\u00fdt upozorn\u011bn na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed
nebezpe\u010d\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed: siln\u00e9 krv\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nastat i p\u0159i zd\u00e1nliv\u011b ban\u00e1ln\u00edm u\u0161n\u00edm nebo nosn\u00edm barotraumatu. Nav\u00edc zde existuje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee kdyby do\u0161lo k nemoci z dekomprese, mohl by tento stav zp\u016fsobit nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 krv\u00e1cen\u00ed do mozku nebo do m\u00edchy.<\/p>\n

Je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee <\/strong>
kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt ke zran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a dokonce i k \u00famrt\u00ed, oboj\u00edmu se v\u0161ak d\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit. Jen pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di dostate\u010dn\u011b pou\u010den\u00ed o kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm stavu se mohou rozhodnout spr\u00e1vn\u011b a tak zv\u00fd\u0161it pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd jejich ponor prob\u011bhne bez nehody a bez zran\u011bn\u00ed.  O sv\u00fdch l\u00e9c\u00edch si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejv\u00edce informac\u00ed, pora\u010fte se se sv\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em a, kdy\u017e budete m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 dotazy ohledn\u011b pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 berete, zavolejte do DAN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1te odvahu, tedy srdce? M\u00e1me-li na mysli pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u011b ano, konec konc\u016f je to i jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se pot\u00e1p\u00edme. Obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno je na\u0161e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11374001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[],"authors":[1312],"class_list":["post-11385545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","authors-laurie-gowen-cs_cz"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdatnost, strava a fyzick\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f, ale i nutnost br\u00e1t v \u00favahu l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. - Alert Diver<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/kardiovaskularni-zdatnost-strava-a-fyzicka-cviceni-potapecu-ale-i-nutnost-brat-v-uvahu-leky-ktere-uzivame\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed zdatnost, strava a fyzick\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f, ale i nutnost br\u00e1t v \u00favahu l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. - Alert Diver\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00e1te odvahu, tedy srdce? 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