{"id":11385564,"date":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-14T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/uncategorized-cs_cz\/i-to-se-stava\/"},"modified":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2009-07-14T22:00:00","slug":"i-to-se-stava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/i-to-se-stava\/","title":{"rendered":"I to se st\u00e1v\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si na bestseler od Harolda Kushnera z osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed “Kdy\u017e se zl\u00e9 v\u011bci stanou dobr\u00fdm lidem”? V t\u00e9 \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 knize se psalo, pro\u010d by m\u011bli oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 – jako jsme mya lid\u00e9 v na\u0161em okol\u00ed – za\u017e\u00edvat a sn\u00e1\u0161et mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou t\u00edhu velk\u00e9ho smutku a velk\u00fdch bolest\u00ed. Rab\u00edn Kushner se zab\u00fdval p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se “ani mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dob\u0159\u00ed, ale ani mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u0161patn\u00ed” lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s velk\u00fdmi \u017eivotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

\u010casto se k n\u00e1m dostanou zpr\u00e1vy o pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161li a\u017e na samou hranici mo\u017enost\u00ed, nebo se zm\u00fdlili ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasudku, co\u017e pak bylo jasnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jejich nehody p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed – bu\u010f si z toho odnesli posti\u017een\u00ed, nebo byli posti\u017eeni dekompresn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm (DCI). Jindy n\u00e1s udiv\u00ed, pro\u010d n\u011bjak\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d utrp\u011bl p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed.
V\u017edy\u0165 byl tak zku\u0161en\u00fd a vzhledem k okolnostem onoho ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho sestupu pod vodu (nebo n\u011bkolika ponor\u016fm) to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ece nem\u011blo a nemohlo doj\u00edt k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zran\u011bn\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je pravd\u011bpodobnost zran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1, p\u0159ece jen existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika spojen\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdm pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm a t\u011bchto rizik si mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d v\u011bdom (viz v\u00edce toto t\u00e9ma pod titulkem ”Prost\u00e1 fakta: Typick\u00e1 rizika a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9m pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed” v 3. \u010d\u00edsle ro\u010dn\u00edku 2008).<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje existuj\u00edc\u00ed riziko vlastn\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm, tr\u00e9ninkem, \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm ka\u017ed\u00e9 akce, p\u0159esn\u00fdm dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sad a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Ale nehody p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se nest\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi zku\u0161enostmi nebo se za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00fdmi dovednostmi, \u010di t\u011bm, kdo u\u010dinili pod vodou chybn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Ob\u010das se zran\u011bn\u00ed nevyhne ani zku\u0161en\u00e9mu pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, kter\u00fd dodr\u017eoval v\u0161echna pravidla.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1chylnost ke zran\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>
Polo\u017eme si n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: Kdo je n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ke zran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed – nezku\u0161en\u00fd nebo zku\u0161en\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d?
Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 2004 o dekompresn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI), smrteln\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a zran\u011bn\u00edch utrp\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch expedic\u00edch se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee "40 procent mu\u017e\u016f a 50 procent \u017een zran\u011bn\u00fdch v roce 2000 provedlo v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 ponor\u016f.”. <\/p>\n

N\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee tvrdit, \u017ee nezku\u0161en\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b takov\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed jen omezen\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby, jsou ke zran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee nem\u011bli dostatek \u010dasu si pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dovednosti osvojit a opakovan\u011b je uplatnit\/procvi\u010dit, nebo nemaj\u00ed dost sebed\u016fv\u011bry pro zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed jin\u00fdch ne\u017e ide\u00e1ln\u00edch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Jak\u00e1koliv zm\u011bna t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st nov\u00e1\u010dka k n\u011bjak\u00e9 chyb\u011b, t.j. k n\u011b\u010demu, co m\u016f\u017ee zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vypadat pouze jako ban\u00e1ln\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnost, nap\u0159. slab\u00e9, ale neust\u00e1l\u00e9 vt\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed vody do masky, co\u017e se ov\u0161em m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout i v n\u011bco z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Teoreticky jsou zku\u0161en\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di na takov\u00e9 v\u011bci p\u0159ipraveni l\u00e9pe a um\u00ed je pod vodou vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Podle shora uveden\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy z roku 2004 asi 22 procent zran\u011bn\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a 10 procent zran\u011bn\u00fdch \u017een provedlo v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch “v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 ponor\u016f” a 12 procent zran\u011bn\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a 4 procenta zran\u011bn\u00fdch \u017een uskute\u010dnilo "v\u00edce ne\u017e 120 ponor\u016f v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce."
Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee zde n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee zase tvrdit, \u017ee zku\u0161en\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u010di jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ke zran\u011bn\u00ed proto, \u017ee se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed do n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch situac\u00ed; pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji jdou v\u00edce na hranice mo\u017enost\u00ed – co se t\u00fd\u010de hloubek, \u010dasu, nebo oboj\u00edho z\u00e1rove\u0148. Mysl\u00ed si a jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee maj\u00ed dost zku\u0161enost\u00ed na to, aby zvl\u00e1dli “cokoliv se stane”. <\/p>\n

Ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b se rovn\u011b\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee 34 procent pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch n\u00e1sledkem dekompresn\u00ed nemoci typu I (DCS), t.j. sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, vyr\u00e1\u017eky, bolesti kloub\u016f nebo sval\u016f, nahl\u00e1sili v roce 2000 pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ukon\u010dili v\u00fdcvik a z\u00edskali osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, 36 procent ozn\u00e1mili pokro\u010dil\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, 11 procent pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f s t\u011bmito pot\u00ed\u017eemi bylo instruktor\u016f, 9 procent bylo speci\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f a 5 procent byli techni\u010dt\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee datab\u00e1ze DAN o zran\u011bn\u00edch spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na dobrovoln\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch o nehod\u00e1ch\/zran\u011bn\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm, ur\u010dit\u011b nejsou tyto \u00fadaje \u00fapln\u00e9 natolik, aby z nich bylo mo\u017eno odvodit v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry platn\u00e9 pro \u0161irokou pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dskou obec. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tyto \u00fadaje potvrzuj\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee nehody\/zran\u011bn\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d cel\u00fdm spektrem, t.j. od nejm\u00e9n\u011b zku\u0161en\u00fdch a\u017e po nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed, tedy od t\u011bch, kdo pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00edskali sv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a\u017e po pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de s dlouholet\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi. <\/p>\n

Zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di jsou asi m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00ed ke zran\u011bn\u00ed, ale ur\u010dit\u011b nejsou bez rizika. Pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d nen\u00ed v\u016f\u010di zran\u011bn\u00ed imunn\u00ed. Odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky pro pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed – pomal\u00fd sestup, pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s partnerem, dostate\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky na hladin\u011b, to v\u0161e je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161eho je nechodit a\u017e na hranici mo\u017enost\u00ed hloubek a \u010dasu – t\u00edm se riziko zna\u010dn\u011b sni\u017euje.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vislost na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di<\/strong>
V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nemus\u00edte zn\u00e1t programovac\u00ed jazyk a nemus\u00edte um\u011bt programovat, abyste mohli pou\u017e\u00edvat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de doma i v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed d\u011blat v\u011bci neust\u00e1le rychleji a l\u00e9pe a i amat\u00e9r\u0161t\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pracuj\u00ed s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi programy st\u00e1le snadn\u011bji a intuitivn\u011bji.
B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch deseti let se pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm v\u00fdznamn\u011b cenov\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstupnily po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro jejich pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 aktivity. Tyto u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed i archivaci v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f. Jednoduchost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch program\u016f v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 samolibosti p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, t.j. a\u017e k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee “po\u010d\u00edta\u010d v\u0161echno d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ohl\u00edd\u00e1”. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de by se m\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze ve spojen\u00ed s pe\u010dliv\u011b promy\u0161len\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f. Neust\u00e1le m\u011bjte na mysli z\u00e1kladn\u00ed axiom: “Sv\u016fj pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon si pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1nuj a sv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu se tak\u00e9 dr\u017e”.<\/p>\n

U\u017eivatel\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pro pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed by m\u011bli um\u011bt pou\u017e\u00edvat i pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 tabulky. Nejen proto, \u017ee se maj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f, ale i proto, \u017ee tyto tabulky mohou b\u00fdt velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy po\u010d\u00edta\u010d sel\u017ee. Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj, selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed ob\u010das i po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 zdvojov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u016fcek (po\u010d\u00edta\u010d i tabulky) m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit probl\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd by jinak mohl v\u00e9st a\u017e ke zran\u011bn\u00ed.
A ne\u017e si za\u010dnete pl\u00e1novat pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon pomoci po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, pe\u010dliv\u011b si prostudujte n\u00e1vod autora p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho programu, abyste si byli jisti, \u017ee program pou\u017eijete spr\u00e1vn\u011b i s vyu\u017eit\u00edm v\u0161ech nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch se mo\u017enost\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 by st\u00e1lo za to absolvovat v tomto sm\u011bru n\u011bjak\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 \u0161kolen\u00ed. C\u00edlem po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho programu pro pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed je poskytnout pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm co nejv\u00edce relevantn\u00edch informac\u00ed ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu. D\u00edky tomu mohou takov\u00e9 pom\u016fcky poskytnout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, ov\u0161em za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody v\u010dasn\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu Dekompresn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI), dekompresn\u00ed nemoc (DCS) a tepenn\u00e1 plynov\u00e1 embolie (AGE) jsou pojmy, kter\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm doslova nah\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed strach (viz n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed definice t\u011bchto pojm\u016f). N\u011bkdy jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky nez\u0159eteln\u00e9, proto je lid\u00e9 nezpozoruj\u00ed, co\u017e se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di nevolaj\u00ed DAN, proto\u017ee zjistili p\u0159\u00edznaky dekompresn\u00ed nemoci, n\u00fdbr\u017e volaj\u00ed DAN proto, \u017ee se nemohou p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f zbavit.
Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad: V z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd den t\u00fddenn\u00edho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed provedla skupina pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f sv\u00e9 t\u0159i posledn\u00ed ponory. Prvn\u00ed byl do hloubky 95 stop (29 metr\u016f) na dobu 30 minut s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed devades\u00e1timinutovou p\u0159est\u00e1vkou na hladin\u011b. Pot\u00e9 se potopili do hloubky 90 stop (27 metr\u016f) na 36 minut s t\u0159\u00edhodinovou n\u00e1slednou p\u0159est\u00e1vkou na hladin\u011b. Posledn\u00ed ponor byl do hloubky 79 stop (24 metr\u016f) na 49 minut.
 <\/p>\n

Ve\u010der poc\u00edtil jeden z pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f silnou bolest v prav\u00e9 ruce a palci, pot\u00e9 jej za\u010dalo bolet prav\u00e9 p\u0159edlokt\u00ed a rameno. Myslil si, \u017ee to je d\u016fsledkem namo\u017een\u00e9ho svalu po dlouh\u00e9m t\u00fddnu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a rozhodl se nikomu to nesd\u011blit. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1no v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edznaky zmizely, tak\u017ee si byl tento pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d jist\u00fd, \u017ee se nejednalo o dekompresn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI). O dva dny pozd\u011bji let\u011bl tento pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d dom\u016f. P\u0159i prvn\u00edm letu se v\u0161echny bolestiv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky vr\u00e1tily a p\u0159i druh\u00e9m letu se je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161ily. Po dal\u0161\u00edch dvou dnech, kdy p\u0159\u00edznaky p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy, zavolal do DAN.
Snaha \u010delit nep\u0159\u00edjemnostem nebo, chcete-li, odm\u00edtnut\u00ed p\u0159ipustit si, \u017ee nastal probl\u00e9m Jedn\u00e1 se o klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, kdy si pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d nechce p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee utrp\u011bl p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nehodu. Mohlo jej napadnout cokoliv z n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n

"Jen jsem si nat\u00e1hl svaly zved\u00e1n\u00edm tank\u016f.<\/em>"
"Ono to snad p\u0159estane samo od sebe<\/em>."
"Tady by s t\u00edm byly probl\u00e9my.<\/em>"<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de m\u016f\u017ee odradit od ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f cokoliv: Symptomy, kter\u00e9 se jev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00edrn\u00e9 na to, aby se jejich nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm riskovalo ohro\u017een\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy nebo dovolen\u00e9, pocit trapnosti, “\u017ee jsem to pr\u00e1v\u011b j\u00e1, kdo m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my”, obava z n\u00e1klad\u016f na evakuaci a l\u00e9\u010dbu, strach z vynucen\u00e9ho skon\u010den\u00ed s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm – to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rozhodnut\u00ed vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.
Z on\u011bch zran\u011bn\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f zahrnut\u00fdch do zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy z roku 2004 o dekompresn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI), smrteln\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a zran\u011bn\u00edch utrp\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch expedic\u00edch ve 14 procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f posti\u017een\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky dekompresn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zaznamenali p\u0159ed posledn\u00edm ponorem.<\/p>\n

Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b se k tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doslova: ”To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d se bu\u010f v\u011bdom\u011b vr\u00e1til do vody ji\u017e s p\u0159\u00edznaky dekompresn\u00ed nemoci (DCS), nebo tyto p\u0159\u00ed znaky nerozeznal p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se ocitl znovu ve vod\u011b”. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed p\u0159ipustit si probl\u00e9m je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed telefon\u00e1tu kv\u016fli poskytnut\u00ed pomoci. Takov\u00e9 odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eit \u00fapln\u00e9 vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di by m\u011bli ur\u010dit\u011b vyhledat vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadnou l\u00e9\u010dbu, jestli\u017ee se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed oni sami (nebo jejich vedouc\u00ed), \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nehodu souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b akc\u00ed s kysl\u00edkem a proveden\u00edm neurologick\u00e9ho vyhodnocen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de.
 <\/p>\n

Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed informace k ob\u011bma t\u011bmto \u00fakon\u016fm v\u00e1m poskytne b\u011bhem v\u00fdcviku v\u00e1\u0161 DAN tren\u00e9r nebo instruktor. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f dekompresn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy.
M\u00edrn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky lid\u00e9 \u010dasto ignoruj\u00ed jako ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm. Neurologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b poskytne spolehlivou informaci, jak nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00ed pomoci. Jestli\u017ee si pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d odm\u00edt\u00e1 probl\u00e9m p\u0159ipustit, tento \u00fakon jej pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee nutn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje prvn\u00ed pomoc s nasazen\u00edm kysl\u00edku. <\/p>\n

Stigma “utrp\u011bl jsem nehodu” vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d ud\u011blal n\u011bco \u0161patn\u011b. Jen\u017ee pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d mo\u017en\u00e1 postupoval naprosto spr\u00e1vn\u011b, a p\u0159esto jej postihlo dekompresn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di se mus\u00ed oprostit od pocit\u016f provinilosti, jestli\u017ee je potk\u00e1 p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 nehoda. Jedno star\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: “P\u0159iznat si probl\u00e9m je prvn\u00ed krok k n\u00e1prav\u011b<\/em>.” Nebojte se b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed a nev\u00e1hejte po\u017e\u00e1dat o pomoc.<\/p>\n

Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi diagn\u00f3zami
Dekompresn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI)<\/strong>
Jedn\u00e1 se o \u0161irok\u00fd pojem, kter\u00fd zahrnuje jak dekompresn\u00ed nemoc, tak i tepennou plynovou embolii. Pojem dekompresn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (DCI) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro popis jak\u00e9koliv nemoci zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zm\u011bnami okoln\u00edho tlaku. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se proto, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edznaky dekompresn\u00ed nemoci (DCS) a tepenn\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 embolie (AGE) mohou b\u00fdt podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc (DCS)<\/strong>
Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc (DCS) nast\u00e1v\u00e1, jestli\u017ee celkov\u00fd tlak plynu rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho v pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dov\u011b tk\u00e1ni p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed okoln\u00ed hydrostatick\u00fd tlak a za\u010dnou se tvo\u0159it plynov\u00e9 bublinky. P\u0159\u00edznaky mohou b\u00fdt sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, vyr\u00e1\u017eka, bolesti kloub\u016f, bolesti sval\u016f, nebo senzorick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, jako nap\u0159. znecitliv\u011bn\u00ed \u010di brn\u011bn\u00ed. Mezi v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed svalov\u00e1 ochablost, paral\u00fdza nebo poruchy vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch mozkov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b poruch pam\u011bti a zm\u011bn osobnosti. Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc (DCS) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i smrteln\u00e1, i kdy\u017e je to v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9*. Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011bji rozli\u0161ovat na dekompresn\u00ed nemoc typu I (Type I DCS) a typu II (Type II DCS)<\/strong>.
Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc typu I (Type I DCS) (tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako DCS I nebo kostern\u011bsvalov\u00e1 DCS) P\u016fvod p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f u tohoto typu dekompresn\u00ed nemoci se nepova\u017euje za neurologick\u00fd, jedn\u00e1 se o sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, vyr\u00e1\u017eku, nebo o bolesti kloub\u016f \u010di sval\u016f.
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dekompresn\u00ed nemoc typu II (II DCS)<\/strong> (tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako DCS II nebo neurologick\u00e1 DCS) Zde se jedn\u00e1 o dekompresn\u00ed nemoc, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak souvis\u00ed s nervovou nebo kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavou.
Tepenn\u00e1 plynov\u00e1 embolie (AGE)<\/strong> K tepenn\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 embolii doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e se dostane do tepenn\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu vzduch. U pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno n\u00e1hl\u00fdm poklesem okoln\u00edho tlaku, nap\u0159. p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m v\u00fdstupu bez exhalace, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159etlak plic a plicn\u00ed barotrauma. Ne\u010dast\u011bji zasa\u017een\u00fdm org\u00e1nem je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mozek a k obvykl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm zde pat\u0159\u00ed brzk\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky jako p\u0159i mrtvici (do 15 minut po dosa\u017een\u00ed hladiny).
 <\/p>\n

*<\/a>Nap\u0159. v 19. stolet\u00ed do\u0161lo k mnoha \u00famrt\u00edm mezi pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u00e1p\u011bli s pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdm zvonem do velk\u00fdch hloubek p\u0159i stavb\u011b most\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si na bestseler od Harolda Kushnera z osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed “Kdy\u017e se zl\u00e9 v\u011bci stanou dobr\u00fdm lidem”? V t\u00e9 \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 knize se psalo,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11374202,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[],"authors":[],"class_list":["post-11385564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nI to se st\u00e1v\u00e1 - Alert Diver<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/i-to-se-stava\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"I to se st\u00e1v\u00e1 - Alert Diver\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si na bestseler od Harolda Kushnera z osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed “Kdy\u017e se zl\u00e9 v\u011bci stanou dobr\u00fdm lidem”? 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