{"id":11385609,"date":"2014-05-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-05-21T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/uncategorized-cs_cz\/mela-by-byt-ochrana-lodniho-sroubu-ze-zakona-povinna-pokracovani-diskuse\/"},"modified":"2014-05-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-05-21T22:00:00","slug":"mela-by-byt-ochrana-lodniho-sroubu-ze-zakona-povinna-pokracovani-diskuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/mela-by-byt-ochrana-lodniho-sroubu-ze-zakona-povinna-pokracovani-diskuse\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u011bla by b\u00fdt ochrana lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu ze z\u00e1kona povinn\u00e1? Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed diskuse"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"  Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

AlertDiver.eu, 2014; 54<\/em><\/p>\n

K nejhor\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm zran\u011bn\u00ed lid\u00ed ve vod\u011b (rekreant\u016f, plavc\u016f, \u0161norchler\u016f, pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00edch se voln\u00e9mu nebo p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9mu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed) pat\u0159\u00ed st\u0159ety s lodn\u00edm \u0161roubem, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k usmrcen\u00ed. Pomohlo by uz\u00e1konit povinnou ochranu lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu, aby se mo\u0159e stalo pro lidi bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo by byl \u00fa\u010dinek takov\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed miziv\u00fd?<\/p>\n

Roby rychle sestupuje k mo\u0159sk\u00e9mu dnu. Je v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dem v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00edm se voln\u00e9mu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee se naba\u017eit pocitu volnosti ve vod\u011b. Pron\u00e1sleduje hejno mal\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch rybek, ale jeho z\u00e1soba dechu se rychle kr\u00e1t\u00ed: mus\u00ed svou „ko\u0159ist“ opustit a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 se nahoru k hladin\u011b.
N\u011bkde opod\u00e1l startuje Manuel motor sv\u00e9ho \u010dlunu, nebo\u0165 chce splnit p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed \u017eadon\u00edc\u00edch, aby s nimi vyjel a pod\u00edval se, co to je tam ten \u010derven\u00fd „m\u00ed\u010d“ v d\u00e1lce na mo\u0159i. D\u011bti doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee to je n\u011bjak\u00fd v\u011btrem zanesen\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d, kter\u00fd si vylov\u00ed a budou si s n\u00edm moci hr\u00e1t u pl\u00e1\u017ee ve vod\u011b.
P\u0159i v\u00fdstupu sly\u0161\u00ed Roby bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se rachotiv\u00fd zvuk. P\u0159estane plavat a sv\u016fj v\u00fdstup zpomal\u00ed, p\u0159itom se sna\u017e\u00ed ur\u010dit, z kter\u00e9 strany se ten zvuk bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Rachot je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l hlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed… Roby v\u00ed, \u017ee mu zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen n\u011bkolik metr\u016f do p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vzpl\u00fdvavosti a \u017eej jej jeho oblek ne\u00faprosn\u011b pot\u00e1hne k hladin\u011b.  
D\u011bt\u00ed se do\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby jel otec je\u0161t\u011b rychleji, ale proto\u017ee je \u010dlun ji\u017e bl\u00edzko, Manuel za\u010dne rychlost sni\u017eovat.
Roby to u\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee vydr\u017eet. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed kontrakce s\u00edl\u00ed. Mus\u00ed k hladin\u011b, aby se nadechl, i kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee ten s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed rachot znamen\u00e1 typick\u00fd hluk lodn\u00edho motoru. Vystupuje pod\u00e9l lana sv\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00f3jky, kterou m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo nad hlavou a zoufale se pokou\u0161\u00ed vyhnout se b\u011blav\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze bublin, kterou za sebou zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 lodn\u00ed \u0161roub.<\/em><\/p>\n

Manuel si v\u0161imnul, \u017ee se „m\u00ed\u010d“ nepatrn\u011b p\u0159em\u00edstil, te\u010f jej vid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed sebou nedaleko od p\u0159\u00edd\u011b. N\u00e1hle se vedle m\u00ed\u010de objev\u00ed hlava pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de! Manuel se pokou\u0161\u00ed rychle zm\u011bnit sm\u011br, aby se dostal od b\u00f3jky a t\u00edm i od pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de co nejd\u00e1le, d\u011bti p\u0159i prudk\u00e9m man\u00e9vru upadnou na palubu. Manuel je r\u00e1d, \u017ee se dok\u00e1zal pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di vyhnout a \u010dlun odplouv\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/em><\/p>\n

Roby se vyno\u0159il na hladinu v okam\u017eiku, kdy na n\u011bj m\u00ed\u0159il \u010dlun plnou rychlost\u00ed. Doslova v posledn\u00edm okam\u017eiku se stihnul co nejv\u00edce odsunout stranou. S ohromnou \u00falevou vydechne a napadne jej: “To jsem m\u011bl teda kliku!“ R\u00e1d by tomu chlapovi po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vynadal, ale ten u\u017e je i s \u010dlunem daleko a nic by nesly\u0161el. Roby si v tu chv\u00edli \u0159ekne, „no, pro dne\u0161ek to sta\u010d\u00ed, rad\u011bji u\u017e nebudu pokou\u0161et osud“, vezme b\u00f3jku a za\u010dne plavat ke b\u0159ehu. <\/em><\/p>\n

Plavci, \u0161norchle\u0159i i pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di se mohou kdykoliv dostat do kolize s \u010dluny navzdory tomu, \u017ee nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed organizace a instituce vedou prakticky neust\u00e1lou kampa\u0148 ve snaze dostate\u010dn\u011b pou\u010dit jak pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de (na hladin\u011b mus\u00edte m\u00edt v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou signalizaci), tak i pos\u00e1dky \u010dlun\u016f (d\u00edvejte se po sign\u00e1ln\u00edch b\u00f3jk\u00e1ch a dodr\u017eujte od nich bezpe\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost). Kdyby se ji\u017e te\u010f platn\u00e1 pravidla v\u017edy a v\u0161ude respektovala, bylo by takov\u00fdch nehod mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b. Jen\u017ee tot\u00e9\u017e se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci i o autonehod\u00e1ch: K\u00e9\u017e by ka\u017ed\u00fd dodr\u017eoval pravidla silni\u010dn\u00edho provozu! Skute\u010dnost je, bohu\u017eel, jin\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ochrany lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu<\/strong>
V\u0161eobecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 plavidla, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto pracuj\u00ed v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, nemaj\u00ed klasick\u00fd lodn\u00ed \u0161roub um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd voln\u011b mimo \u010dlun, ale m\u00edvaj\u00ed vodn\u00ed trysky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 trubce. Tento „zapouzd\u0159en\u00fd“ pohon funguje zcela jinak ne\u017e klasick\u00fd \u0161roub: ve vod\u011b se neot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 lopatky, n\u00fdbr\u017e tam vedou ze z\u00e1di plavidla trysky, kter\u00fdmi se vst\u0159ikuje tlakov\u00e1 voda zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb \u010dlunu vp\u0159ed. Tento syst\u00e9m vylu\u010duje, \u017ee by j\u00edm mohl b\u00fdt v mo\u0159i n\u011bkdo „posek\u00e1n“. Je v\u0161ak drah\u00fd a rozhodn\u011b se ned\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt jako v\u00fdm\u011bna tradi\u010dn\u00edho \u0161roubu, nebo\u0165 se s n\u00edm mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat ji\u017e p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu konstrukce a stavby nov\u00e9ho plavidla.
Shora uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti vedly DAN Europe k provokativn\u00edmu n\u00e1vrhu: pro\u010d tedy nevybavit v\u0161echny \u010dluny s extern\u00edm lodn\u00edm \u0161roubem ochrann\u00fdm krytem? Jednalo by se o um\u011blohmotn\u00fd nebo kovov\u00fd r\u00e1m kryj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161roub tak, aby se do kontaktu s lopatkami nedostaly vodn\u00ed \u0159asy, lana, ale ani lid\u00e9. Ochrann\u00e9 kryty vyroben\u00e9 z um\u011bl\u00fdch hmot jsou nav\u00edc pom\u011brn\u011b levn\u00e9 (n\u011bkolik set EUR). Pro pos\u00e1dky \u010dlun\u016f by krom\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho faktoru hr\u00e1la kladnou roli i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee by nedoch\u00e1zelo k zamot\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed lan do \u0161roubu v p\u0159\u00edstavech, i kdy\u017e by se naopak mohlo pova\u017eovat za nev\u00fdhodu mo\u017en\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu motoru. (Mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f ochrann\u00fdch kryt\u016f v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ochrann\u00fd kryt v\u00fdkon motoru vlastn\u011b zvy\u0161uje, a to d\u00edky lep\u0161\u00edmu hydrodynamick\u00e9mu proud\u011bn\u00ed.) Tato v\u00fdhoda se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nejpatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u010dlun jede pomalu – projevuje se sn\u00ed\u017eenou spot\u0159ebou paliva.<\/p>\n

Znamenal by tento n\u00e1vrh v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f? Z\u0159ejm\u011b by sn\u00ed\u017eil rozsah poran\u011bn\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kolize pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de s lodn\u00edm \u0161roubem za provozu. Ochrana by byla ur\u010dit\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by plavidlo st\u00e1lo na m\u00edst\u011b nebo se pohybovalo jen pomalu, ale nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, zdali by ochrana \u0161roubu zabr\u00e1nila v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u0161kozen\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 rychlosti (p\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nehodou za stejn\u00e9 rychlosti s nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm \u0161roubem). Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku by mohl poskytnout jen d\u016fkladn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Cht\u011bl by se n\u011bkdo nab\u00eddnout k pokus\u016fm na toto t\u00e9ma? Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee alespo\u0148 plavidla pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k p\u0159eprav\u011b \u0161norchler\u016f a voln\u00fdch i p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f by m\u011bla m\u00edt n\u011bjakou ochranu, kter\u00e1 by zabr\u00e1nila v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm p\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9m p\u00e1du \u010dlov\u011bka do vody do t\u00e9 doby, ne\u017e vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdpravy nebo kapit\u00e1n vypne motor a povol\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm sestoupit do vody. <\/p>\n

Co si o tom mysl\u00ed odborn\u00edci? <\/strong>
O mo\u017enosti uz\u00e1konit ochranu lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu jsme ji\u017e sly\u0161eli stanoviska od n\u011bkolika v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f na sv\u011bt pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed (viz Pou\u017eit\u00ed ochrany lodn\u00edch \u0161roub\u016f pro bezpe\u010dnost pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f: V\u0161el\u00e9k, nebo jen men\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>?). V tomto \u010d\u00edsle nab\u00edz\u00edme d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek od odborn\u00edka jm\u00e9nem Lucio Petrone, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fdm novin\u00e1\u0159em a v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1vanou osobnost\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dlena mnoha spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u010dinnostmi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s mo\u0159em. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e provokativn\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1vrh nen\u00ed zdaleka tak nesmysln\u00fd, jak by se mohl na prvn\u00ed pohled jevit. Je toti\u017e pot\u0159eba m\u00edt neust\u00e1le na mysli \u0159adu nehod (n\u011bkdy dokonce smrteln\u00fdch), ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed prostou nepozornost\u00ed skiper\u016f p\u0159i man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed v doku nebo p\u0159i spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010dlun\u016f na vodu \u010di jejich ukotvov\u00e1n\u00ed u b\u0159ehu. V\u00fdrobci vynakl\u00e1daj\u00ed ohromn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na v\u00fdvoj p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsn\u00fdch motor\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed kl\u00e1st co nejmen\u0161\u00ed odpor, aby se maxim\u00e1ln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila spot\u0159eba paliva a zv\u00fd\u0161ila rychlost. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to nejen vysokorychlostn\u00edch plavidel, ale i mal\u00fdch p\u0159epravn\u00edch \u010dlun\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro p\u0159epravu na m\u00edsto koup\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i ryba\u0159en\u00ed nebo k n\u00e1vratu na z\u00e1kladnu. M\u016fj zd\u00e1nliv\u011b provokativn\u00ed po\u017eadavek, t. j. ob\u011btovat n\u011bco rychlosti kv\u016fli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, je v\u0161ak v\u00edce ne\u017e opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto \u010dlun\u016f se pohybuje bl\u00edzko oblast\u00ed zapln\u011bn\u00fdch koupaj\u00edc\u00edmi se lidmi. U\u010dinit lodn\u00ed \u0161rouby bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mus\u00ed b\u00fdt logickou nutnost\u00ed a tak\u00e9 by to m\u011bly zohled\u0148ovat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Sice ji\u017e existuj\u00ed kryt\u00e9 lodn\u00ed \u0161rouby, ale zat\u00edm se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpadech specificky stanoven\u00fdch technick\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f, p\u0159itom by se to m\u011blo st\u00e1t automatick\u00fdm (a dobrovoln\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00fdm) pravidlem kv\u016fli v\u0161eobecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti na mo\u0159i a u mo\u0159e. Tento probl\u00e9m by se m\u011bl nejd\u0159\u00edve \u0159e\u0161it jako v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt a n\u00e1sledn\u011b jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad by se mohlo stanovit, \u017ee u v\u0161ech motor\u016f \u010dlun\u016f k pronajmut\u00ed (to znamen\u00e1 t\u011bch nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, proto\u017ee \u010dasto b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v rukou nezku\u0161en\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f) by musely m\u00edt lodn\u00ed \u0161rouby n\u011bjak\u00e9 ji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed – co\u017e by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159inutilo v\u00fdrobce k pot\u0159ebn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji i k \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b. Tento m\u016fj n\u00e1vrh se m\u016f\u017ee jevit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako provokace, ale vych\u00e1z\u00ed z m\u00e9ho trval\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o bezpe\u010dnost a m\u011blo by se o n\u011bm alespo\u0148 do budoucna uva\u017eovat a jednat, nejpozd\u011bji v\u0161ak v dob\u011b, kdy se kone\u010dn\u011b dostaneme ze sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 recese. Nemohu sice mluvit za v\u0161echny \u010dleny Rady pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed u\u017eivatele (t. j. Consul of Nautical Users, co\u017e je italsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed asociace, pozn. redakce), ale v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee se vyjad\u0159uji za v\u0161echny, kdo maj\u00ed na srdci v\u00fdvoj k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v\u0161ech lid\u00ed pohybuj\u00edc\u00edch se v mo\u0159i a u mo\u0159e. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Download PDF AlertDiver.eu, 2014; 54 K nejhor\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm zran\u011bn\u00ed lid\u00ed ve vod\u011b (rekreant\u016f, plavc\u016f, \u0161norchler\u016f, pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00edch se voln\u00e9mu nebo p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9mu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed) pat\u0159\u00ed st\u0159ety…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11374952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[],"authors":[1738],"class_list":["post-11385609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","authors-stefano-ruia-cs_cz"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nM\u011bla by b\u00fdt ochrana lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu ze z\u00e1kona povinn\u00e1? 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