{"id":11385730,"date":"2018-04-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-15T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/uncategorized-cs_cz\/co-jsou-standardni-operacni-postupy-a-jak-se-tykaji-bezpecnosti-potapeni\/"},"modified":"2018-04-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-04-15T22:00:00","slug":"co-jsou-standardni-operacni-postupy-a-jak-se-tykaji-bezpecnosti-potapeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/co-jsou-standardni-operacni-postupy-a-jak-se-tykaji-bezpecnosti-potapeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Co jsou standardn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed postupy a jak se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Standardn&iacute; opera\u010dn&iacute; postupy, neboli SOP, jsou p&iacute;semn&eacute; dokumenty, kter&eacute; popisuj&iacute;, jak se m&aacute; vykon&aacute;vat nebo organizovat ur\u010dit&yacute; &uacute;kol. Jejich &uacute;\u010delem je standardizace a zefektivn\u011bn&iacute; proces\u016f, kter&eacute; vykon&aacute;vaj&iacute; jednotliv&iacute; \u010dlenov&eacute; pracovn&iacute;ho t&yacute;mu. Pomoc&iacute; SOP je zaji&scaron;t\u011bno, \u017ee tyto &uacute;koly jsou opakovan\u011b provedeny v\u017edy stejn&yacute;m zp\u016fsobem. I kdy\u017e se zd&aacute;, \u017ee se dnes ji\u017e bez t\u011bchto dokument\u016f \u017e&aacute;dn&eacute; pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010dsk&eacute; st\u0159edisko neobejde, st&aacute;le je mnoho st\u0159edisek nem&aacute; vypracovan&eacute;. Pr&aacute;v\u011b proto jste si mo\u017en&aacute; n\u011bkdy mohli v&scaron;imnout, \u017ee kdy\u017e jste se pot&aacute;p\u011bli n\u011bkolikr&aacute;t ve stejn&eacute;m st\u0159edisku, informace p\u0159ed ponorem a\/nebo dal&scaron;&iacute; n&aacute;le\u017eitosti nebyly zaji&scaron;t\u011bny a poskytnuty v\u017edy stejn&yacute;m zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;Mezi obvykl&eacute; &uacute;kony, kter&eacute; maj&iacute; b&yacute;t pops&aacute;ny pomoc&iacute; SOP, pat\u0159&iacute;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kr&aacute;tk&eacute; sezn&aacute;men&iacute; s pravidly bezpe\u010dnosti p\u0159ed ponorem<\/li>\n<li>Kontroly po\u010dtu pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010d\u016f ve skupin\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Dezinfek\u010dn&iacute; postupy<\/li>\n<li>Administrativn&iacute; &uacute;kony<\/li>\n<li>&Uacute;dr\u017eba<\/li>\n<li>Postupy, kter&yacute;mi se p\u0159edch&aacute;z&iacute; ztracen&iacute; pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010de<\/li>\n<li>Zah&aacute;jen&iacute; a ukon\u010den&iacute; ponoru<\/li>\n<li>Kr&aacute;tk&eacute; sezn&aacute;men&iacute; s pravidly bezpe\u010dnosti po ponoru\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toto je ov&scaron;em jen skromn&yacute; v&yacute;\u010det pot\u0159ebn&yacute;ch SOP a \u010dasto je pot\u0159eba zav&eacute;st i n\u011bjak&eacute; dal&scaron;&iacute;. A tady jsme u jednoho ze z&aacute;kladn&iacute;ch probl&eacute;m\u016f. Vytv&aacute;\u0159en&iacute; SOP je velice n&aacute;ro\u010dn&eacute; na \u010das a je to typick&aacute; \u010dinnost, kterou mnoz&iacute; opakovan\u011b a donekone\u010dna odkl&aacute;daj&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Proto z\u016fst&aacute;v&aacute; mnoho informac&iacute; pouze v hlav\u011b vlastn&iacute;ka nebo spr&aacute;vce pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010dsk&eacute;ho st\u0159ediska, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zam\u011bstnanci pracuj&iacute; podle vlastn&iacute;ho uv&aacute;\u017een&iacute; a podle toho, jak se jim to zrovna dnes jev&iacute; jako vhodn&eacute; a spr&aacute;vn&eacute;. Veden&iacute; sice obvykle zam\u011bstnance informuje o tom, jak maj&iacute; jednotliv&eacute; &uacute;koly spr&aacute;vn\u011b prov&aacute;d\u011bt, ale neposkytne jim \u017e&aacute;dn&eacute; ti&scaron;t\u011bn&eacute; informace. To nem\u016f\u017ee v&eacute;st k jin&eacute;mu v&yacute;sledku, ne\u017e \u017ee jednotliv&eacute; &uacute;kony jsou vykon&aacute;v&aacute;ny poka\u017ed&eacute; jinak, s rozd&iacute;lnou kvalitou a \u017ee se nad t&iacute;mto stavem nikdo ani nepozastav&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jak lze tedy nejjednodu&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m zp\u016fsobem informovat nov&eacute;ho zam\u011bstnance o zaveden&yacute;ch postupech? Jak&yacute;m zp\u016fsobem zajistit, aby zam\u011bstnanci tyto postupy prov&aacute;d\u011bli spr&aacute;vn\u011b a poka\u017ed&eacute; stejn\u011b? &Uacute;stn&iacute; &scaron;kolen&iacute; m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t pro zam\u011bstnance dlouh&yacute; a vy\u010derp&aacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; proces, p\u0159i kter&eacute;m se mohou d\u016fle\u017eit&eacute; aspekty opomenout. Rozd&iacute;ly ve v&yacute;konu jednotliv&yacute;ch &uacute;kon\u016f jsou potom neodvratiteln&yacute;m d\u016fsledkem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fr-dib fr-draggable\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/imgimport\/957\/sop2-1500x1000.jpg\" style=\"width: auto;\"><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Jak&yacute;m zp\u016fsobem se SOP t&yacute;kaj&iacute; bezpe\u010dnosti pot&aacute;p\u011bn&iacute;?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zat&iacute;mco Pl&aacute;n pomoci v nouzi (EAP &ndash; Emergency Assistance Plan) popisuje, jak se m&aacute; jednat v p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b nouze, SOP se sna\u017e&iacute; nouzov&yacute;m situac&iacute;m p\u0159edev&scaron;&iacute;m p\u0159edch&aacute;zet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uve\u010fme p\u0159&iacute;klad:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Postupy zah&aacute;jen&iacute; a ukon\u010den&iacute; ponoru se mohou u r\u016fzn&yacute;ch pot&aacute;p\u011bc&iacute;ch m&iacute;st li&scaron;it. N\u011bkdy se pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010di pot&aacute;p\u011bj&iacute; z lodi, jindy z pob\u0159e\u017e&iacute;. Proto se n\u011bkdy vyskytuje nebezpe\u010d&iacute; v podob\u011b to\u010d&iacute;c&iacute;ho se lodn&iacute;ho &scaron;roubu, jindy naopak v podob\u011b kluzk&eacute;ho dna v m&iacute;st\u011b, odkud se do vody vstupuje. SOP poskytne informace o tom, jak maj&iacute; pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010di vstupovat do vody, ani\u017e by se dostali do kontaktu s lodn&iacute;m &scaron;roubem nebo uklouzli na kluzk&yacute;ch kamenech. SOP nap\u0159&iacute;klad ur\u010duje, \u017ee motor lodn&iacute;ho &scaron;roubu m&aacute; b&yacute;t vypnut&yacute; a lodn&iacute; &scaron;roub m&aacute; p\u0159ed zah&aacute;jen&iacute;m vstupu do vody st&aacute;t, nebo popisuje, kde a jak vstoupit do vody s nejmen&scaron;&iacute;m rizikem uklouznut&iacute; a p&aacute;du.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SOP by m\u011bly b&yacute;t jasn&eacute; a v \u017e&aacute;dn&eacute;m p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b by nem\u011bly \u010dlov\u011bka zm&aacute;st. M\u011bly by b&yacute;t vytvo\u0159eny po p\u0159edchoz&iacute;m vyhodnocen&iacute; (nebezpe\u010dnosti) &uacute;konu a m\u011bly by zajistit co nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute; a nejlep&scaron;&iacute; zp\u016fsob, jak tento &uacute;kon prov&eacute;st. Doporu\u010duje se, aby se na v&yacute;voji a\/nebo zhodnocen&iacute; (v\u010d. testov&aacute;n&iacute;) SOP pod&iacute;leli zku&scaron;en&iacute; pracovn&iacute;ci. Jejich zku&scaron;enosti mohou napomoci efektivit\u011b a\/nebo bezpe\u010dnosti \u010dinnosti, kterou SOP popisuj&iacute;. Je t\u0159eba m&iacute;t na pam\u011bti, \u017ee nen&iacute; mo\u017en&eacute; se zku&scaron;enostem nau\u010dit, ale je mo\u017en&eacute; se z nich pou\u010dit. Pou\u017eijte tedy zku&scaron;enosti sv&yacute;ch pracovn&iacute;k\u016f pro zlep&scaron;en&iacute; standardn&iacute;ch postup\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pokud jsou SOP skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e&iacute;v&aacute;ny, sn&iacute;\u017e&iacute; po\u010det nehod a n&aacute;sledkem toho i pr&aacute;vn&iacute; n&aacute;sledky, nicm&eacute;n\u011b maj&iacute;-li SOP skute\u010dn\u011b &uacute;\u010dinn\u011b fungovat, je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet n\u011bkolik z&aacute;sad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zamyslete se nad t&iacute;m, zda nen&iacute; vhodn&eacute; pro zv&yacute;&scaron;en&iacute; efektivity SOP a zlep&scaron;en&iacute; cel&eacute;ho postupu zorganizovat a poskytnout dodate\u010dn&yacute; v&yacute;cvik.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ov\u011b\u0159te si, zda SOP nejsou v rozporu s dal&scaron;&iacute;mi SOP a zda jsou v souladu s bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute;mi standardy a dal&scaron;&iacute;mi na\u0159&iacute;zen&iacute;mi.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Napl&aacute;nujte si, jak uv\u011bdom&iacute;te zam\u011bstnance o existenci SOP. Poskytn\u011bte jim &scaron;kolen&iacute;, aby SOP v p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b pot\u0159eby na&scaron;li, poskytn\u011bte jim je, nebo jim je zp\u0159&iacute;stupn\u011bte.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nechte si od zam\u011bstnanc\u016f podepsat dokument, kter&yacute;m stvrzuj&iacute;, \u017ee byli s SOP sezn&aacute;meni a \u017ee je budou respektovat.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pokud n\u011bkter&yacute; zam\u011bstnanec SOP poru&scaron;uje, u\u010di\u0148te n&aacute;pravn&aacute; opat\u0159en&iacute;. Pokud budete takov&eacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute; ti&scaron;e p\u0159ihl&iacute;\u017eet, nejenom \u017ee ohroz&iacute;te bezpe\u010dnost, ale z&aacute;rove\u0148 t&iacute;m zv&yacute;&scaron;&iacute;te riziko vzniku pr&aacute;vn&iacute;ch n&aacute;sledk\u016f. Jeliko\u017e jste si byli v\u011bdomi, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnost byla ohro\u017eena a nic jste proti tomu neud\u011blali, p\u0159eb&iacute;r&aacute;te \u010d&aacute;st odpov\u011bdnosti za vzniklou situaci.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pravideln\u011b p\u0159ehodnocujte SOP a to p\u0159edev&scaron;&iacute;m tehdy, kdy\u017e se stala n\u011bjak&aacute; nehoda, nebo kdy\u017e byla ohro\u017eena bezpe\u010dnost: ozna\u010dte SOP datem, aby bylo jasn&eacute;, kdy byly zavedeny, p\u0159&iacute;padn\u011b kdy byly naposledy revidov&aacute;ny.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uv\u011bdomte sv&eacute; z&aacute;kazn&iacute;ky o tom, jak o\u010dek&aacute;v&aacute;te, \u017ee se budou chovat v konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch situac&iacute;ch.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pro n\u011bkter&eacute; SOP je nezbytn&eacute;, aby byly vybaveny kontroln&iacute;m seznamem, nebo protokolem. Kontroln&iacute; seznam pro kr&aacute;tk&eacute; bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute; sezn&aacute;men&iacute; s ponorem pom\u016f\u017ee, aby pr\u016fvodce na n\u011bco nezapomn\u011bl. Protokol &uacute;dr\u017eby nebo pln\u011bn&iacute; tlakov&yacute;ch lahv&iacute; umo\u017en&iacute; m&iacute;t p\u0159ehled o tom, kdy je nutn&eacute; prov&eacute;st dal&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;dr\u017ebu.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"center\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Vypracovan&eacute; SOP sice nezaru\u010d&iacute;, \u017ee se nikdy nestane nehoda, ale sni\u017euje riziko, \u017ee k n&iacute; dojde.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Jak pozn&aacute;m, \u017ee je t\u0159eba vypracovat SOP?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Neexistuje jeden &quot;spr&aacute;vn&yacute;&quot; n&aacute;vod pro v&scaron;echny situace a p\u0159&iacute;stup se m\u016f\u017ee tak&eacute; m\u011bnit od jednoho ponoru ke druh&eacute;mu. N\u011bkter&eacute; SOP je t\u0159eba vypracovat pro spr&aacute;vn&eacute; veden&iacute; administrativy &ndash; ur\u010duje nap\u0159., jak&yacute;ch dokument\u016f (v\u010d. formul&aacute;\u0159\u016f poji&scaron;t\u011bn&iacute;) je zapot\u0159eb&iacute;, aby se mohl z&aacute;kazn&iacute;k zaregistrovat. Dal&scaron;&iacute; SOP budou pot\u0159eba pro ur\u010den&iacute;, kdy a jak&yacute;m zp\u016fsobem bude odm&iacute;tnuto poskytnut&iacute; slu\u017eeb v p\u0159&iacute;pad\u011b nedostate\u010dn&eacute; fyzick&eacute; zdatnosti z&aacute;kazn&iacute;ka, nebo pro postup, jak&yacute;m se zru&scaron;&iacute; p\u0159&iacute;padn&aacute; objedn&aacute;vka.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nejedn&aacute; se v\u017edy pouze o bezpe\u010dnost z&aacute;kazn&iacute;k\u016f, ale rovn\u011b\u017e o bezpe\u010dnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Postupy, kter&eacute; popisuj&iacute; jak&eacute; osobn&iacute; bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute; a ochrann&eacute; pom\u016fcky maj&iacute; b&yacute;t pou\u017eity p\u0159i vykon&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; ur\u010dit&eacute;ho &uacute;kolu, jsou naprosto nezbytn&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abyste mohli ur\u010dit, \u010deho je vlastn\u011b zapot\u0159eb&iacute;, je nutn&eacute; b&yacute;t do zna\u010dn&eacute; m&iacute;ry informov&aacute;n o sou\u010dasn&eacute;m stavu. Vyhodnocen&iacute; rizik v&aacute;m nejen pom\u016f\u017ee, ale je naprosto nezbytn&eacute;, pokud n\u011bkdo zam&yacute;&scaron;l&iacute; m&iacute;t spolehliv&eacute; a &uacute;\u010dinn&eacute; SOP.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fr-dib fr-draggable\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/imgimport\/957\/sop-1500x1000.jpg\" style=\"width: auto;\"><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Jak za\u010d&iacute;t?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u011bkoho m\u016f\u017ee napadnout, \u017ee vypracov&aacute;n&iacute; v&scaron;ech pot\u0159ebn&yacute;ch SOP je obrovsk&yacute; a nep\u0159ekonateln&yacute; &uacute;kol. A skute\u010dn\u011b tomu tak m\u016f\u017ee b&yacute;t! Nicm&eacute;n\u011b &#8211; p\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn&aacute; o \u010dasov\u011b velice n&aacute;ro\u010dnou \u010dinnost, kdy\u017e jsou kone\u010dn\u011b v&scaron;echna SOP hotov&aacute;, m\u016f\u017eete o\u010dek&aacute;vat p\u0159ekvapiv&eacute; v&yacute;sledky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SOP jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d&aacute;st&iacute; vybaven&iacute; pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010dsk&yacute;ch st\u0159edisek, nicm&eacute;n\u011b pokud skute\u010dn\u011b usilujete o zv&yacute;&scaron;en&iacute; bezpe\u010dnosti pot&aacute;p\u011bn&iacute;, tak vypracov&aacute;n&iacute;m SOP va&scaron;e pr&aacute;ce nekon\u010d&iacute;. Stejn\u011b jako EAP i SOP jsou sou\u010d&aacute;st&iacute; rozs&aacute;hlej&scaron;&iacute;ho konceptu bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute; kultury, kterou si mus&iacute; pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010dsk&aacute; st\u0159ediska vybudovat, pe\u010dovat o ni a udr\u017eovat ji tak, aby byl ka\u017ed&yacute; ponor co nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj&scaron;&iacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kdy a kde tedy m&aacute;te za\u010d&iacute;t? M\u016f\u017eete za\u010d&iacute;t ji\u017e dnes t&iacute;m, \u017ee se zapoj&iacute;te do programu DAN pro identifikaci a zhodnocen&iacute; rizik (HIRA &#8211;<span>&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.daneurope.org\/web\/guest\/hira-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hazard Identification &amp; Risk Assessment (HIRA) programme<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">O autorovi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Guy Thomas je &scaron;kolitel prvn&iacute; pomoci a pot&aacute;p\u011bn&iacute; a pracuje na pln&yacute; &uacute;vazek jako \u0159editel bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute;ch program\u016f v DAN Europe, kde odpov&iacute;d&aacute; za rozvoj a aplikaci bezpe\u010dnostn&iacute;ch iniciativ DAN Europe. Rovn\u011b\u017e je \u010dlenem z&aacute;chrann&eacute;ho t&yacute;mu italsk&eacute;ho \u010cerven&eacute;ho k\u0159&iacute;\u017ee a pracuje jako zdravotn&iacute;k, plavec a pot&aacute;p\u011b\u010d na palub\u011b z&aacute;chrann&eacute; helikopt&eacute;ry Leteck&eacute; p&aacute;trac&iacute; a z&aacute;chrann&eacute; slu\u017eby (SAR) Italsk&eacute; st&aacute;tn&iacute; policie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Standardn&iacute; opera\u010dn&iacute; postupy, neboli SOP, jsou p&iacute;semn&eacute; dokumenty, kter&eacute; popisuj&iacute;, jak se m&aacute; vykon&aacute;vat nebo organizovat ur\u010dit&yacute; &uacute;kol. Jejich &uacute;\u010delem je standardizace a zefektivn\u011bn&iacute; proces\u016f,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11376166,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[1884],"authors":[1088],"class_list":["post-11385730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","tag-safety-cs_cz","authors-guy-thomas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Co jsou standardn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed postupy a jak se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed - Alert Diver<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/co-jsou-standardni-operacni-postupy-a-jak-se-tykaji-bezpecnosti-potapeni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Co jsou standardn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed postupy a jak se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed - Alert Diver\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Standardn&iacute; opera\u010dn&iacute; postupy, neboli SOP, jsou p&iacute;semn&eacute; dokumenty, kter&eacute; popisuj&iacute;, jak se m&aacute; vykon&aacute;vat nebo organizovat ur\u010dit&yacute; &uacute;kol. 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