{"id":11408998,"date":"2024-02-01T09:53:06","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T08:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/?p=11408998"},"modified":"2024-02-01T16:27:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T15:27:43","slug":"oxid-uhlicity-obavany-nepritel-1-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/oxid-uhlicity-obavany-nepritel-1-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd \u2013 ob\u00e1van\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel (1. \u010d\u00e1st)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toto je prvn\u00ed d\u00edl t\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu o oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u016f k mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 a t\u0159et\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st budou zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v budouc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00edch Alert Diver.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bylo to na hran\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dovolte mi za\u010d\u00edt osobn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem: V roce 2016 jsem se p\u0159ipojil k jeskynn\u00edmu ponoru v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Cenote Regina pobl\u00ed\u017e Tulumu v Quintana Roo v Mexiku. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo nav\u0161t\u00edvit oblast se slanou vodou, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v hloubce kolem 30 metr\u016f, s maximem 34 metr\u016f pro dan\u00fd ponor. Vstoupili jsme se \u010dty\u0159mi AL80 lahvemi (dvojit\u00e9 a dvoustup\u0148ov\u00e9) EAN32 plus AL40 kysl\u00edku pro dekompresi, kter\u00e9 jsme um\u00edstili pobl\u00ed\u017e vchodu v hloubce 6 metr\u016f. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 d\u00e9lka ponoru byla 200 a\u017e 210 minut.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00edm podotknout, \u017ee jsem kv\u016fli pracovn\u00edm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm nespal v noci d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i hodiny \u2013 p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu to nebylo moc chytr\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kdy\u017e jsem se musel rozhodnout, nem\u011bl jsem \u017e\u00e1dnou podobnou zku\u0161enost z minulosti a moc jsem o ten ponor st\u00e1l, tak jsem na n\u011bj prost\u011b \u0161el.<\/p>\n

Cenote Regina je \u00fa\u017easn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 jeskyn\u011b a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161lo v\u0161echno hladce. Po devades\u00e1ti minut\u00e1ch jsme dos\u00e1hli tlaku plynu znamenaj\u00edc\u00edho nutnost obr\u00e1tky a za\u010dali jsme se vracet ke vchodu k tomuto velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9mu ponoru. P\u0159ed sebou jsme m\u011bli plav\u00e1n\u00ed asi zhruba stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed, po kter\u00e9m n\u00e1sledovalo dvacet minut dekomprese v m\u011blk\u00e9 vod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Asi o deset minut pozd\u011bji, tedy n\u011bjak kolem st\u00e9 minuty, se m\u011b zmocnil velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pocit: Za\u010dala se mi chv\u011bt br\u00e1nice a dech se mi postupn\u011b zm\u011bnil v jak\u00e9si nekontrolovateln\u00e9 vzlyk\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e bez jak\u00fdchkoli emoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto prov\u00e1zej\u00ed takov\u00fd fyziologick\u00fd projev. Sna\u017eil jsem se soust\u0159edit a dostat sv\u00e9 svaly zp\u011bt pod kontrolu, ale vzlyk\u00e1n\u00ed bylo st\u00e1le v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Uv\u011bdomil jsem si, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ned\u00fdch\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 efektivn\u011b a vydechuji v\u00edce bublin ne\u017e obvykle.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Foto: Joram Mennes<\/em><\/p>\n

Netrvalo dlouho a za\u010dal jsem mi zhor\u0161ovat i stav mysli: do my\u0161len\u00ed se mi vkr\u00e1dala \u00fazkost spolu s pocitem, \u017ee nemohu nas\u00e1t dostatek vzduchu z druh\u00e9 f\u00e1ze. Pro jistotu jsem p\u0159e\u0161el na z\u00e1lohu, ov\u0161em s nulov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmu jsem signalizoval, \u017ee m\u00e1m probl\u00e9m a zastavili jsme se. Za\u010dal jsem poci\u0165ovat nutk\u00e1n\u00ed vydat se okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo k hladin\u011b, co\u017e byl naprost\u00fd nesmysl, nebo\u0165 jsme byli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b hodiny od v\u00fdchodu a nad n\u00e1mi bylo asi t\u0159icet metr\u016f sk\u00e1ly a zeminy.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edch n\u011bkolik minut \u2013 nejsem si jist\u00fd, jak dlouho p\u0159esn\u011b, ale p\u0159ipadalo mi to jako v\u011b\u010dnost \u2013 jsem se zab\u00fdval my\u0161lenkou, kter\u00e1 se m\u011b sna\u017eila p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, abych to vzdal tady a te\u010f. Lid\u00e9 by to pochopili. Potla\u010dit tu def\u00e9tistickou my\u0161lenku vy\u017eadovalo velkou v\u016fli i \u00fasil\u00ed a mus\u00edm p\u0159iznat, \u017ee v\u00fdsledek nebyl p\u0159edem dan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Vzlyky v\u0161ak postupn\u011b utichly a my jsme pokra\u010dovali pomal\u00fdm tempem na cest\u011b zp\u011bt. To zdr\u017een\u00ed a moje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 frekvence dechu si v\u0161ak vybraly zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161ich plynov\u00fdch rezerv. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsme ani zdaleka nem\u011bli nedostatek plynu, nalezen\u00ed l\u00e1hve prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi 110 bary nitroxu znamenalo zna\u010dnou \u00falevu.<\/p>\n

Ponor jsme ukon\u010dili asi s p\u016flhodinov\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v d\u016fsledku pauzy, kterou jsem si musel ud\u011blat – i kv\u016fli povinn\u00e9 del\u0161\u00ed dekompresi. Ale dostali jsme se \u0161\u0165astn\u011b ven. Dal\u0161\u00ed den jsem se vr\u00e1til k jeskynn\u00edmu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s p\u0159edsevzet\u00edm, \u017ee se alespo\u0148 v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti v\u017edycky mus\u00edm v\u00edce vyspat, a tak\u00e9 si p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sma\u017eit o n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed ryby.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 diskuzi po ponoru jsme usoudili, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou m\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nahromad\u011bn\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v m\u00e9m krevn\u00edm \u0159e\u010di\u0161ti, k \u010demu\u017e p\u0159isp\u011bla \u00fanava z nedostatku sp\u00e1nku. Co\u017e n\u00e1s kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k t\u00e9matu tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Foto: Joram Mennes<\/em><\/p>\n

Metabolismus oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (jen velmi stru\u010dn\u011b)<\/h3>\n

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je odpadn\u00edm produktem na\u0161eho bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho metabolismu. Vdechujeme plyn, kter\u00fd obsahuje kysl\u00edk. Na\u0161e pl\u00edce absorbuj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st tohoto kysl\u00edku do krevn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b, kde jej zachycuj\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky (hemoglobin). Krev bohat\u00e1 na kysl\u00edk proch\u00e1z\u00ed levou stranou srdce, odkud je pumpov\u00e1na nejprve do mozku a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy, pot\u00e9 do zbytku na\u0161eho t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

V r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech t\u011bla prob\u00edh\u00e1 cel\u00e1 \u0159ada biochemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se kysl\u00edk spojuje s uhl\u00edkem (p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fdm potravou) za vzniku oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Tyto reakce generuj\u00ed energii, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s poh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krev zbaven\u00e1 kysl\u00edku, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed nese oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch, putuje zp\u011bt sm\u011brem k prav\u00e9 stran\u011b srdce, kter\u00e9 ji pumpuje do plic, kde se oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd odstra\u0148uje a nakonec jej vydechujeme.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka: Skute\u010dn\u00fd mechanismus je podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. CO2<\/sub> nen\u00ed \u010dist\u011b odpadn\u00ed produkt. Hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i regulaci kyselosti krve a p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m pr\u016fchodu pl\u00edcemi se odstran\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 % celkov\u00e9ho CO2<\/sub> obsa\u017een\u00e9ho v krvi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 podrobnosti naleznete <\/em>zde<\/u><\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk dostane d\u00e1vku toho \u0161k\u016fdce<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Existuje \u0159ada m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch fyziologick\u00fdch veli\u010din, kter\u00e9 tento proces popisuj\u00ed. Schopnost na\u0161ich plic absorbovat kysl\u00edk se ozna\u010duje jako VO2<\/sub> <\/em> max.<\/em> VO2<\/sub> <\/em>, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e max zna\u010d\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed objem kysl\u00edku, kter\u00fd jsou na\u0161e pl\u00edce schopny poskytnout na\u0161emu t\u011blu pro v\u00fdrobu energie, a to za jednotku \u010dasu a v pom\u011bru k t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Vytrvalostn\u00ed sportovci znaj\u00ed tuto veli\u010dinu pod pojmem m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 veli\u010dina se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 respira\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd pom\u011br<\/em>, obvykle vyjad\u0159ovan\u00fd zkratkou zkr\u00e1cen\u011b RER. RER popisuje pom\u011br eliminace oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho k p\u0159\u00edjmu kysl\u00edku. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed RER pro \u010dlov\u011bka v klidov\u00e9m stavu je 0,8. Je to opravdu tak \u2013 v klidov\u00e9m stavu vydechujeme pouze \u010dty\u0159i molekuly CO2<\/sub> na ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u011bt molekul O2<\/sub>, kter\u00e9 spot\u0159ebujeme. Zbytek kysl\u00edku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v t\u011ble. P\u0159i n\u00e1maze m\u016f\u017ee RER dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 1,2 a v\u00edce<\/u><\/a>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 metabolismus \u010derp\u00e1 z\u00e1soby kysl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 byly b\u011bhem odpo\u010dinku ulo\u017eeny v na\u0161ich svalech (chemicky v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na myoglobin). RER 1,0 se ozna\u010duje jako anaerobn\u00ed pr\u00e1h, co\u017e je dal\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn zn\u00e1m\u00fd sportovc\u016fm.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei m\u00e1 na\u0161e t\u011blo zv\u00fd\u0161enou pot\u0159ebu kysl\u00edku a produkuje v\u00edce oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Kdy\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed vyprodukovan\u00e9ho CO2<\/sub> p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161\u00ed kapacitu\/schopnost na\u0161eho d\u00fdchac\u00edho metabolismu odstranit ho z krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a vydechnout, pak se CO2<\/sub> za\u010dne hromadit. Ka\u017ed\u00fd vyznava\u010d voln\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee pocit \u201ehladu\u201c po vzduchu a nutk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchat nejsou zp\u016fsobeny jen nedostatkem kysl\u00edku \u2013 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je toho mnohem v\u00edce, ale nedostatek kysl\u00edku v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159iv\u00e9st do bezv\u011bdom\u00ed \u2013 nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ebytek CO2<\/sub> zp\u016fsobuje stav zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako hyperkapnie<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u00edmto kon\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00ed d\u00edl na\u0161eho mal\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu. Ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edv\u00e1me na fyziologii oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble, jak\u00fd vliv na n\u011bj m\u00e1 pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm je hyperkapnie tak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. T\u0159et\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na protiopat\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 dovednosti a postupy, jak udr\u017eet na\u0161e zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed CO2 <\/sub> pod kontrolou. Z\u016fsta\u0148te v bezpe\u010d\u00ed a tak\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edjmu!<\/em><\/p>\n

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Na podvodn\u00edch fotografi\u00edch v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku je \u00fachvatn\u00fd cenote Regina. Po\u0159\u00eddil je Joram Mennes<\/a> a modelkou byla pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dka Stratis Kas<\/a>. Ob\u011bma d\u011bkujeme za po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f, a to v\u00fdslovn\u011b pro tento obsah Alert Diver.<\/em><\/p>\n

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O autorovi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tim Bl\u00f6meke<\/a> vyu\u010duje rekrea\u010dn\u00ed a technick\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed na Tchaj-wanu a Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch. Rovn\u011b\u017e je spisovatelem na voln\u00e9 noze, p\u0159ekladatelem, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm redaktorem pro publikaci Alert Diver. M\u00e1te-li na n\u011bj n\u011bjak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nebo k n\u011b\u010demu p\u0159ipom\u00ednky, m\u016f\u017eete ho kontaktovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jeho blogov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky\u00a0<\/a>nebo na Instagramu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159ekladatel<\/strong>: Klement Hartinger<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toto je prvn\u00ed d\u00edl t\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu o oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u016f k mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 a t\u0159et\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st budou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11408987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[1883],"authors":[1767],"class_list":["post-11408998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","tag-pripraveny-potapec","authors-tim-blomeke"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd \u2013 ob\u00e1van\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel (1. \u010d\u00e1st) - Alert Diver<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V 1. \u010d\u00e1sti popisuje autor, jak oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd ovlivnil jeho ponor a jak m\u016f\u017ee tento plyn p\u0159isp\u00edvat k pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdm nouzov\u00fdm situac\u00edm.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/cs_CZ\/clanky\/oxid-uhlicity-obavany-nepritel-1-cast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd \u2013 ob\u00e1van\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel (1. \u010d\u00e1st) - 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