{"id":11374571,"date":"2013-01-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-01-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/uncategorized\/prevalence-and-genetic-predisposition-to-acute-respiratory-symptoms-in-breath-hold-divers\/"},"modified":"2023-06-30T15:54:55","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T13:54:55","slug":"prevalence-and-genetic-predisposition-to-acute-respiratory-symptoms-in-breath-hold-divers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/en_US\/articles\/prevalence-and-genetic-predisposition-to-acute-respiratory-symptoms-in-breath-hold-divers\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevalence and Genetic Predisposition to Acute Respiratory Symptoms in breath-hold divers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong>: After repetitive deep dives, breath-hold divers are often affected by a syndrome characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest constriction, hemoptysis and, rarely, an overt acute pulmonary oedema syndrome, often together with various degrees of dyspnoea (ARS).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aim of this work is an epidemiological investigation to evaluate the prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms (ARS) in Breath-hold divers; we have also investigated for possible inherent risk factor such as genetic predisposition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Materials and Methods<\/strong>: A retrospective investigation has been performed using specific questionnaires filled by a selected sample of free divers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A second specific questionnaire was used to identify other possible risk factors that could predispose to ARS.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The possible correlation between ARS and individual genetic variability in candidate predisposing genes was also investigated, with a particular focus on EPAS1 and other HIF-related genes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Result<\/strong>: Fifty-six subjects (26.4%) reported previous events of ARS.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No statistically significant relationships was noted between the positive or negative reported cases of ARS and biometric data such as height and weight, age, gender, practice of other sports, smoking,.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No statistically significant relationships was noted between ARS and previous diseases such allergies, asthma, or habitual use of drugs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Important statistically significant relationship was observed between ARS and personal maximum depth limit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Interesting data was observed between ARS and selected genes that could predispose to the condition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preliminary results seem to suggest interesting associations between expression of evaluated genes and ARS; analysis is, at present, still in progress.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>: Our data show that ARS is a common condition among experienced Breath-hold Divers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our results allow for better definition of diving methods able to mitigate breath-hold diving pulmonary risk as the identification of possible genetic predisposition to pulmonary oedema, and may improve breath-hold diving safety through better awareness of possible risk factors by the divers themselves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction: After repetitive deep dives, breath-hold divers are often affected by a syndrome characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest constriction, hemoptysis and, rarely, an&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11374572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[],"authors":[332],"class_list":["post-11374571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","authors-danilo-cialoni"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - 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