{"id":11428635,"date":"2025-09-24T15:46:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T13:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/?p=11428635"},"modified":"2025-09-25T12:20:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T10:20:06","slug":"diving-into-science-highlights-from-eubs-2025-on-scuba-and-freediving","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/en_US\/blog\/diving-into-science-highlights-from-eubs-2025-on-scuba-and-freediving\/","title":{"rendered":"Diving into Science: Highlights from EUBS 2025 on Scuba and Freediving"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><em data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Breakthroughs in Freediving and Scuba Safety Unveiled at EUBS 2025 in Helsinki.<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>The\u00a0<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.eubs.org\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eubs.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">European Underwater and Baromedical Society (EUBS)<\/u><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Annual Meeting 2025 in Helsinki brought together leading experts in diving and hyperbaric medicine. Among the many presentations, the sessions dedicated to scuba diving and freediving stood out for their cutting-edge research and practical implications for diver safety and performance.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Freediving:-From-Physiology-to-Safer-Practices\" data-renderer-start-pos=\"609\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11428645\" src=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/group.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/group.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/group-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/group-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/group-700x467.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3 data-renderer-start-pos=\"609\">Freediving: From Physiology to Safer Practices<\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"657\">Freediving was a strong focus this year, with two dedicated scientific sessions and a keynote by\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Prof. Peter Lindholm (UC San Diego \/ Karolinska Institute)<\/strong>, who highlighted advances in understanding pulmonary barotrauma, nitrogen kinetics, and blackout mechanisms in breath-hold diving.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"945\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Key Studies in Freediving<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"974\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Apnea Testing for Risk Prediction<\/strong><br \/>\nProf.\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Erika Schagatay (Sweden)<\/strong>\u00a0presented work on whether static apnea ramp tests could predict desaturation during dynamic freediving. Results suggest that laboratory-based tests may provide a safe screening tool for freedivers at risk of severe hypoxia.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"1266\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Heart Rate Variability as a Marker<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Thomas Lundmark (Sweden)<\/strong>\u00a0investigated HRV as an indicator of stress and recovery in repeated freedives, pointing toward its potential use in training and recovery monitoring.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"1477\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Blackout Case Study<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Eric Mulder (Sweden)<\/strong>\u00a0presented a striking case describing heart rate and oxygen saturation patterns during a real freediving blackout, offering valuable insights into warning signs and recovery.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"1700\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Self-Tests for Beginners<\/strong><br \/>\nProf.\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Erika Schagatay\u2019s group<\/strong>\u00a0also developed a simple home apnea test to help beginners estimate safe dive durations. The test successfully predicted sustainable serial dive times at about one-third of the static apnea duration.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"1957\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">The 1:2 Pacing Strategy<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Frank Pernett<\/strong>\u00a0presented controlled trials validating the widely used 1:2 rule (twice the recovery time compared to dive duration). Results confirmed that it generally stabilizes oxygen dynamics, though about 26% of participants failed to fully recover oxygen levels \u2014 highlighting the need for personalized recovery protocols.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"2311\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Monitoring Platforms<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Michael Binder (Austria)<\/strong>\u00a0introduced a real-time logging and monitoring platform for freedivers, enabling better data collection for both training and safety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11428682 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hall-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hall-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hall-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hall-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hall-1-700x467.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Scuba-Diving:-Decompression,-Physiology,-and-Risk-Factors\" data-renderer-start-pos=\"2498\">Scuba Diving: Decompression, Physiology, and Risk Factors<\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2557\">Scuba-focused research also revealed important findings for both recreational and technical divers.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2658\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Bubbles and Decompression<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"2687\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Big Data on Decompression Sickness<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Jean-Pierre Imbert (France)<\/strong>\u00a0analysed 765 commercial diving DCS cases using cluster analysis to identify distinct bubble scenarios, improving our understanding of decompression risk profiles.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"2916\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Nitrogen Kinetics and Variability<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Oscar Plogmark (Sweden)<\/strong>\u00a0presented research on whole-body inert gas uptake and washout during submersion, showing significant within-diver variability even under identical dive conditions \u2014 challenging assumptions of current decompression models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3199\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Health and Diving<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"3220\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Dyslipidemia and Endothelial Function<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Dr. M\u00fcnire K\u00fcbra \u00d6zg\u00f6k Kangal (Turkey)<\/strong>\u00a0presented a study on divers with dyslipidemia, showing that a single dive induced measurable endothelial dysfunction in all participants.<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"3439\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">CCR and Cold Water Diving<\/strong><br \/>\nIn his keynote,\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Prof. Neal Pollock (Canada)<\/strong>\u00a0discussed the physiological challenges of rebreather diving in cold water, underlining the combined risks of thermal stress, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. Supporting talks by\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">S. Sokolowski (Finland)<\/strong>\u00a0highlighted cardiac changes and lung effects during CCR expeditions, while\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Sousa Telles (Portugal)<\/strong>\u00a0explored the debated role of cold-water\u2013induced ear canal exostosis (benign bone growth).<\/li>\n<li data-renderer-start-pos=\"3895\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Hypercapnia Awareness<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Xavier Vrijdag (New Zealand)<\/strong>\u00a0presented a controlled trial showing that hypercapnia training did not significantly improve divers\u2019 ability to detect elevated CO\u2082 during simulated dives \u2014 highlighting the persistent dangers of rebreather diving and the limitations of awareness training alone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11428663\" src=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/speaker.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/speaker.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/speaker-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/speaker-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alertdiver.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/speaker-700x466.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Why-It-Matters\" data-renderer-start-pos=\"4215\">Why It Matters<\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4231\">The EUBS 2025 findings reinforce how\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">individual variability, health status, and environmental factors<\/strong>\u00a0critically influence diving safety. Freediving research is moving toward\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">personalised protocols and monitoring tools<\/strong>, while scuba studies are reshaping our understanding of\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">decompression models, gas exchange, and cardiovascular impacts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4571\">As diving technology advances and more people push their limits, these scientific insights will be crucial in\u00a0<strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">reducing risks and improving performance<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 whether holding a single breath at depth or managing complex decompression profiles with rebreathers.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4827\">Learn more about upcoming research and events at\u00a0<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.eubs.org\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eubs.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">EUBS<\/u><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and explore diver safety resources at\u00a0<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.daneurope.org\/en\/diving-medical-research\" href=\"https:\/\/www.daneurope.org\/en\/diving-medical-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">DAN Europe<\/u><\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4949\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Meet the Presenters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4970\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Peter Lindholm<\/u><br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.miun.se\/en\/personnel\/s\/erikaschagatay\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miun.se\/en\/personnel\/s\/erikaschagatay\/\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Erika Schagatay<\/u><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.miun.se\/en\/personnel\/p\/frankpernett\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miun.se\/en\/personnel\/p\/frankpernett\/\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Frank Pernett<\/u><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/746677\/overview\" href=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/746677\/overview\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Eric Mulder<\/u><\/a><br \/>\nMichael Binder<br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/483555\/overview\" href=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/483555\/overview\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Jean-Pierre Imbert<\/u><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Oscar-Tom-Viktor-Plogmark\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Oscar-Tom-Viktor-Plogmark\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\">Oscar Plogmark<\/a><br \/>\nM\u00fcnire K\u00fcbra \u00d6zg\u00f6k Kangal<br \/>\n<u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Neal W. Pollock<\/u><br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scienceying\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scienceying\/\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\">S. Sokolowski<\/a><br \/>\nSousa Telles<br \/>\n<a class=\"_mizu1p6i _1ah3dkaa _ra3xnqa1 _128mdkaa _1cvmnqa1 _4davt94y _ymio1r31 _ypr0glyw _zcxs1o36 _4bfu1r31 _1hms8stv _ajmmnqa1 _vchhusvi _kqswh2mm _syaz14q2 _ect41gqc _1a3b1r31 _4fpr8stv _5goinqa1 _f8pj14q2 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _30l314q2 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _9h8h16c2 _1053w7te _1ienw7te _n0fxw7te _1vhvg3x0\" title=\"https:\/\/profiles.auckland.ac.nz\/x-vrijdag\" href=\"https:\/\/profiles.auckland.ac.nz\/x-vrijdag\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\" data-is-router-link=\"false\" data-testid=\"link-with-safety\"><u data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Xavier Vrijdag<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"5210\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">About the author<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"5228\">Graduated in Economics and Business Administration (<a href=\"http:\/\/B.Ec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">B.Ec<\/a>, MBA), Laura Marroni combines a strong managerial background with a lifelong passion for diving. A technical and cave diver, she is Executive Vice President &amp; CEO of DAN Europe, where she oversees the organization\u2019s core mission activities: scientific research, education, emergency assistance, and worldwide medical support.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Breakthroughs in Freediving and Scuba Safety Unveiled at EUBS 2025 in Helsinki. The\u00a0European Underwater and Baromedical Society (EUBS)\u00a0Annual Meeting 2025 in Helsinki brought together leading&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11428673,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[390],"tags":[],"authors":[356],"class_list":["post-11428635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","authors-laura-marroni"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diving into Science: Highlights from EUBS 2025 on Scuba and Freediving - Alert Diver Europe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Highlights from EUBS 2025 in Helsinki: latest freediving and scuba research on safety, physiology, decompression, and diver performance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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